Yintoni inkqubo yokukhenkcisa i-ammonia?

Yintoni inkqubo yokukhenkcisa i-ammonia?

Inkqubo yokuphola ye-ammonia yinkqubo yokuphola yemizi-mveliso esebenzisa i-ammonia (NH₃) njengesiqandisi. Isebenzisa umgaqo wokuba i-ammonia ifunxa ubushushu obuninzi ngexesha lokuphuma komphunga ukuze ipholise iinkqubo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso ezifuna amaqondo obushushu aphantsi (njengokuphola kokutya, ukuphola, ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali, iindawo zemidlalo yomkhenkce, njl.njl.).

Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle, imeko yayo yezoqoqosho kunye nenyaniso yokuba ayiwonakalisi umaleko we-ozone (ODP = 0), i-ammonia yeyona refrigerant ikhethwayo kwiinkalo zefriji ezinkulu kwimizi-mveliso nakwimizi-mveliso.

Umgaqo oyintloko wokusebenza (umjikelo wokuqandisa wenqanaba elinye loxinzelelo)

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokupholisa i-ammonia kulandela umjikelo wesiseko wokuqandisa ucinezelo lomphunga, oquka ikakhulu iinkqubo ezine:

Uxinzelelo: Umphunga we-ammonia kubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi utsalwa yi-compressor kwaye ucinezelwe, uguquke ube ngumphunga oshushu kakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Ukufuma: Umphunga we-ammonia kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ungena kwi-condenser, apho upholiswa ngamanzi okanye umoya opholileyo, ukhuphe ubushushu kwaye ufumanwe ube lulwelo lwe-ammonia olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu, olunobushushu obuqhelekileyo.

Ukufutha: Ulwelo lwe-ammonia olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu ludlula kwivalvu yokufutha (njengevalvu yokwandisa), kwaye uxinzelelo luyehla kakhulu. Olunye ulwelo luyajika lube ngumxube womphunga kunye nolwelo olunobushushu obuphantsi nolunoxinzelelo oluphantsi.

Ukufuma: I-ammonia enobushushu obuphantsi ingena kwi-evaporator (njengefeni yokupholisa okanye i-heat exchanger), ifunxa ubushushu obuvela kwindawo epholileyo (indawo yokugcina ebandayo), ize iphume ngokupheleleyo ibe ngumphunga onobushushu obuphantsi noxinzelelo oluphantsi. Lo mphunga ubuyiselwa yi-compressor kwaye ugqibezele umjikelo.

Umzekeliso olula: Njengokuba umzimba womntu ubila ukuze uphole, xa ubila (isisombululo se-ammonia) luphuma, lufunxa ubushushu eluswini (indawo epholileyo), nto leyo eyenza ulusu luzive lupholile.

Izinto eziphambili

I-Compressor: "Intliziyo" yenkqubo. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-piston, i-screw, kunye ne-centrifugal. Ii-screw compressors zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje eziphakathi nezinkulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokulungiswa komthamo oguquguqukayo.

I-Condenser: "Isitshintshi sobushushu" senkqubo. Sisusa ubushushu kwigesi ye-ammonia ecinezelweyo. Yahlulwe ngohlobo olupholisiweyo ngamanzi (ukusebenza kakuhle, kufuna inqaba yokupholisa) kunye nohlobo lokupholisa oluphumayo (olugcina amanzi, olusetyenziswa kakhulu).

Isixhobo sombhobho: njengevalvu yokwandisa, ivalvu yokudada. Ilawula izinga lokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo lolwelo lwe-ammonia olungena kwi-evaporator.

Umphunga: "Isiphelo sokukhupha esibandayo" senkqubo. Ifakwe kwindawo yokugcina okanye yokucubungula, i-ammonia iyaphuma kwaye ifunxe ubushushu ngaphakathi kuyo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ii-air coolers (ezinoxinzelelo lokukhupha umoya) kunye neepayipi ze-coil (ezinoxinzelelo lokukhupha umoya lwendalo).

Itanki yokugcina ulwelo: Igcina ulwelo lwe-ammonia emva kokuba lujiyile, ilinganise unikezelo kunye nemfuno yenkqubo.

Isihluzi-oyile kunye nesiqokeleli-oyile: Yahlula kwaye ubuyisele ioyile yokuthambisa eyenziwa yi-compressor exhaust, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

Isahluli segesi nolwelo: Ikhusela i-compressor ngokuthintela ulwelo lwe-ammonia olungatshiyo ukuba lungene luze lubangele "impembelelo yolwelo".

Inkqubo yoLawulo: "Ingqondo" yeenkqubo zanamhlanje. Iquka ii-PLC, ii-sensors, ii-actuators, njl.njl., kwaye inoxanduva lokufezekisa ulawulo oluzenzekelayo, ukhuseleko, kunye nolawulo lwamandla.

Iintlobo eziphambili zeenkqubo

Inkqubo yokwandisa ngokuthe ngqo: I-Ammonia ikhutshwa ngqo kwi-evaporator ukuze iphole. Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa ifuna ukutywinwa kwepayipi okungqongqo kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwehla.

Inkqubo yokupholisa engathanga ngqo:

Inkqubo yamanzi anetyuwa/i-ammonia: I-ammonia iqala ngokupholisa amanzi anetyuwa (njengesisombululo se-calcium chloride), ize emva koko amanzi anetyuwa anobushushu obuphantsi athunyelwe kwindawo nganye yokupholisa ngepompo. Umgama wokhuseleko ude kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuphantsi kakhulu.

Inkqubo ye-Ammonia/Carbon Dioxide Cascade: Indlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo Ngoku kunye Nendlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo. I-Ammonia isebenza kwinqanaba lobushushu obuphezulu kumjikelo, inyibilikisa i-carbon dioxide; i-carbon dioxide isebenza kwinqanaba lobushushu obuphantsi ukuze iphole. Xa idibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-ammonia kunye nokhuseleko lwe-carbon dioxide (engenabungozi kubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi), sisisombululo esithandwayo kwizityalo ezinkulu ezifrijini nakwizikhenkcezisi.

Inkqubo yokubonelela ngolwelo olunamandla okutsala: Inika ulwelo kwi-evaporator ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo lwekholamu yolwelo. Izinzile kwaye ithembekile, kodwa ifuna isixa esikhulu se-ammonia injection, kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezindala.

Inkqubo yokubonelela ngempompo yolwelo: Le mpompo isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ngenkani ulwelo lwe-ammonia olunoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwi-evaporator. Isebenza kakuhle ekutshintshiseni ubushushu kwaye inika ulwelo olufanayo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Ukugxininisa iingenelo

Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokonga amandla: Ixabiso lobushushu elifihlakeleyo le-ammonia liphezulu, kwaye isebenzisa umbane omncinci ngeyunithi nganye yomthamo wokupholisa, nto leyo ebangela iindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi.

Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo: ODP = 0, GWP = 0 (Global Warming Potential), sisifriji esinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ngokwendalo.

Uqoqosho: Ixabiso liphantsi, kulula ukulifumana.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubushushu: Ukusebenza kakuhle kotshintshiselwano lobushushu ngodonga lombhobho wesinyithi.

Ukufunyanwa lula kokuvuza: Inevumba elibi kakhulu, kwaye nokuba kukho ukuvuza okuncinci kunokubonwa.

Imingeni kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwe ngokhuseleko (ezibaluleke kakhulu!)

I-Ammonia inetyhefu (Udidi 2) kwaye iyatsha (Udidi B2L), ngoko ke ukhuseleko lulona mgaqo uphambili kuyilo, ukufakelwa, kunye nokusebenza.

Ubuthi: Ukuvuza kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni nakwinkqubo yokuphefumla yabantu. Ubuninzi obuphezulu bunokuba yingozi.

Ukutsha: Xa uxinano emoyeni lufikelela kwi-15% ukuya kwi-28%, lunokuqhuma xa ludibana nelangatye.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko:

Ukwahlulwa kwegumbi lekhompyutha: Izixhobo eziphambili ezifana neecompressor kunye neetanki zokugcina ulwelo kufuneka zibekwe kwigumbi lekhompyutha elahlukileyo, elinomoya ococekileyo.

Ukufunyanwa kokuvuza kunye ne-alamu: Izixhobo zokubona ukuxinana kwe-ammonia kufuneka zifakwe kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwiinkqubo zomoya ezingxamisekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokutshiza.

Izixhobo zokukhusela: Kwigumbi leekhompyutha, kufuneka kubekho izixhobo zongxamiseko ezifana neemaski zegesi, iiglasi zokukhusela kunye neempahla zokukhusela.

Ivalvu yokhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo: Imikhumbi yoxinzelelo kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngeevalvu zokhuseleko, kwaye imibhobho yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kufuneka iqondiswe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yangaphandle.

Imigaqo engqongqo: Uyilo nolwakhiwo kufuneka luhambelane nemigangatho enyanzelekileyo efana ne "Cold Storage Design Code" (GB50072) kunye ne "Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Ammonia Refrigeration System Installation" ekhutshwe lilizwe.

Ukusebenza kobungcali: Abaqhubi kufuneka babe nezatifikethi ezifanelekileyo kwaye baqeqeshwe rhoqo ngokhuseleko.

Amasimi aphambili okusetyenziswa

Ishishini lokutya: Ukuqandisa nokugcina inyama, ukutya kwaselwandle, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno efrijini; ukucubungula imveliso yobisi; ukubilisa ibhiya.

Ubunjineli beeKhemikhali kunye neKhemisti: Ukupholisa inkqubo, ukusabela kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ukunyibilika kwegesi.

Iimpahla kunye neendawo zokugcina impahla: Iziko elikhulu lezinto ezibandayo, iindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo ezishushu kakhulu.

Iindawo zokutyibiliza umkhenkce nekhephu: indawo yokutyibiliza umkhenkce eyenziweyo, indawo yokutyibiliza ikhephu.

Ezinye: Umoya opholileyo ophakathi (ukupholisa indawo), uphando nophuhliso lomkhosi, njl.

Iindlela zoPhuhliso

Ukunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa i-ammonia: Ngokusebenzisa uyilo olungcono (njengokusebenzisa ii-plate heat exchangers) nangokusebenzisa ii-refrigerants ezifana ne-carbon dioxide kwinkqubo ye-cascade, ubungakanani be-ammonia kwinkqubo buyancitshiswa, nto leyo eyandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiindawo ezikufutshane nezorhwebo ezifana neevenkile ezinkulu kunye neevenkile ezithengisa izinto ezincinci.

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nobukrelekrele: Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwetekhnoloji ze-PLC kunye ne-IoT ukufezekisa ukujonga kude, ukuxilongwa kweempazamo, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwamandla, kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili.

Ukulungiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo: Ukukhuthaza ii-screw compressors ezisebenzayo kunye neteknoloji yokubuyisela ubushushu (ukubuyisela ubushushu bokufuma ukuze kuvelise amanzi ashushu), ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokubanzi.

Imigangatho yokhuseleko iyaqhubeka nokuphucula: Imigaqo nemigangatho iya isiba ngqongqo ngakumbi, iqhubela phambili kuyilo olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji.

Isishwankathelo

Inkqubo yokukhenkceza i-ammonia yintsika yokukhenkceza kwemizi-mveliso, inika inkxaso kwi-cold chain enkulu kunye namashishini asisiseko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye neempawu zayo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, "ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neengozi zihlala kunye" yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokukhenkceza i-ammonia yanamhlanje luhamba ngendlela "yokhuseleko olukhulu, ubuhlobo nokusingqongileyo okukhulu, kunye nobukrelekrele obukhulu", kwaye ngakumbi inkqubo ye-ammonia/CO2 cascade iba ngumgangatho wegolide owaziwayo kushishino.