Imvelaphi Yezinto Zokutshintsha Ubushushu Ezikhutshiweyo

Imvelaphi Yezinto Zokutshintsha Ubushushu Ezikhutshiweyo

Imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu ezikhuhliweyo zingalandelwa emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ukudalwa kwazo akubanga yimpumelelo ngobusuku obunye kodwa kwakungenxa yempendulo kwimida yendalo yezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu xa kusetyenzwa ngezinto ezithile.

Imvelaphi engundoqo: 1920s - 1930s

Ingcamango kunye noyilo lokuqala lwezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu bomphezulu ezikhutshiweyo zenziwe kakhulu ngeli xesha, ziqhutywa lishishini lokutya, ingakumbi ekuvelisweni kwemargarine kunye ne-ayisikhrim.

1. Iingxaki Eziza Kusonjululwa:

o Izinto ezixineneyo kakhulu: Izinto ezifana nebhotolo, umxube we-ayisikhrim, kunye nejam zixinene kakhulu kwaye azikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle kwiityhubhu zendabuko okanye kwi-plate heat exchangers, zivala lula kwaye zikhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphantsi kakhulu kokudlulisa ubushushu.

o Ukucheba Ubukhali: Ukwakheka kweekristale zamafutha okanye iikristale zomkhenkce kwezi zinto kufuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo. Ukupholisa kakhulu okanye okungalinganiyo kunokukhokelela ekubeni incasa ibe rhabaxa kwaye ingabi nancasa.

o Ukungcolisa kunye nokuCoka: Izinto ezineswekile okanye iiproteni zihlala ziqina kwaye zijike zibe yikharameli kwiindawo zokufudumeza, zingachaphazeli ukudluliselwa kobushushu kuphela kodwa zikwabangela ukonakala kwemveliso kunye nobunzima ekucoceni izixhobo.

2. Iingcali kwiTekhnoloji:

o Enye yeepatenti zokuqala zee-scraped heat exchangers ingalandelwa emva ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1920 ukuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. Umzekelo, malunga nowe-1928, iinjineli kwiGerhard Company eJamani (kamva yaba yinxalenye ye-APV Group) zaqala umsebenzi wobuvulindlela kweli candelo.

Omnye umntu obalulekileyo yayinguCO (Charlie) Linn, owayila isixhobo sokuqala sokutshintsha ubushushu bomphezulu esikhutshiweyo nesiphumeleleyo kwezorhwebo kwicandelo leVotator leGirdler Corporation e-United States (malunga nowe-1933-1935). Esi sixhobo saqalwa ukwenziwa ukuze siqhubeke sivelisa imajarini. Igama elithi "Votator" lade lafana nezixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu bomphezulu ezikhutshiweyo ixesha elide.

Amanqaku amatsha oMgaqo wokusebenza

Uyilo oluphambili lwezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu bomphezulu ezikhutshiweyo lujongana ngobuchule neengxaki ezingentla:

• Isenzo Sokukrwela: Ngaphakathi kwisilinda yokutshintsha ubushushu, i-rotor exhotyiswe ngee-scrapers ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu. Ezi scrapers, phantsi kwamandla e-centrifugal force okanye springs, zinamathela ngokusondeleyo eludongeni lwesilinda, zihlala zikrwela ifilimu yezinto ezikwidonga elingaphakathi.

• Iingenelo ezine eziphambili:

1. Ukuhlaziywa Okuqhubekayo Komphezulu Wokudlulisa Ubushushu: Kuthintela ukunamathela kwezinto kunye nokungcola, kugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubushushu.

2. Ukuxuba nokucheba okufanayo: Kuqinisekisa ukufudumeza nokuphola okufanayo kwezinto zonke kwaye kunika amandla okucheba alawulekayo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenza ikristale (njengokwenza ikristale yamafutha kunye nokwakheka kwekristale yeqhwa).

3. Ukuphathwa kobungqindilili obuphezulu kakhulu: Ukukrwela nokunyusa ngoomatshini kwenza ukuba ikwazi ukuphatha ulwelo olunencasa, olukhrim, kwanolwe-granular olungenakuphathwa zizixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu zemveli.

4. Ixesha Elifutshane Kakhulu Lokuhlala: Le nto idlula kwisixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu ngefilimu encinci, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwizinto ezinobungozi kubushushu kwaye igcina incasa, umbala, kunye nesondlo semveliso kakuhle.

Uphuhliso kunye nokuthandwa kwabantu

• Kwiminyaka yoo-1940 - 1950: Njengoko ukukhula kokutya kwanda ngaphambi nasemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, izixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu obuphezulu ezikhutshiweyo zasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwimizi-mveliso yobisi, ijam, kunye nesosi. Ukuqandisa i-ayisikhrim rhoqo yayiyenye indlela ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa.

• Kwiminyaka yoo-1960 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku: Amasimi abo okusetyenziswa andise ukusuka kwishishini lokutya ukuya kwishishini leekhemikhali, lamayeza, eleekhemikhali, kunye neleeplastiki zepolymer. Zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha ulwelo olunzima olufana ne-polymer melts, iparafini, i-asphalt, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye namayeza.

• Inkqubela kwezobuchwepheshe: Izixhobo zanamhlanje zokutshintshiselana ubushushu obuphezulu ezikhuhliweyo zenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kwizinto (ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziqinileyo ezingagugiyo nezimelana nokugqwala), iteknoloji yokutywina, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo (ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nesantya), kunye noyilo lwemodyuli.

Isishwankathelo

Imvelaphi yesitshintshi sobushushu esikrazulayo sinokufumaneka ngqo kwiminyaka yoo-1920 noo-1930. Sasungulwa ukuze sihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubo yokufudumeza okuqhubekayo, ukupholisa, ukwenziwa kwekristale kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwezinto ezinobukrakra obuphezulu kunye nobushushu obunobuthathaka kushishino lokutya. Ukuveliswa kwaso kwaba yimbali ebalulekileyo kwimbali yezixhobo zoshishino lwenkqubo, sandisa umsebenzi olula "wokutshintshiselana kobushushu" ukuya ekusebenzeni okudibeneyo "kokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nokucubungula ngoomatshini". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sisadlala indima engenakutshintshwa kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino.