ISISHWANKATHELO SEBHUNGA
Iinkampani zokutya namhlanje zifana nezinye iinkampani zokuvelisa ezingagxili nje kuphela ekuthembekeni nasekusemgangathweni kwezixhobo zokucubungula ukutya kodwa nakwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezinokwenziwa ngumthengisi wezixhobo zokucubungula. Ngaphandle kwemigca yokucubungula esebenza kakuhle esiyinikezelayo, singaba liqabane ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala okanye kwinqanaba leprojekthi ukuya kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokufaka, singalibali inkonzo ebalulekileyo emva kwemarike.
IShiputec inamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 kwishishini lokulungisa ukutya kunye nokupakisha.
INTSHAYELELO KWITEKNOLOJI YETHU
UMBONO NOKUZIBOPHELELA
Icandelo leShiputec liyila, lenza kwaye lithengise izisombululo zobunjineli kunye nezokuzenzekela kwiimveliso zobisi, zokutya, zeziselo, zaselwandle, zamayeza kunye nezokhathalelo lomntu ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yalo yehlabathi.
Sizimisele ukunceda abathengi bethu kwihlabathi liphela ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nenzuzo yesityalo sabo sokwenza imveliso kunye neenkqubo. Sifezekisa oku ngokubonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nezisombululo ukusuka kumacandelo akhiwe ngobunjineli ukuya kuyilo lwezityalo ezipheleleyo zenkqubo ezixhaswa ziinkqubo eziphambili zehlabathi kunye nobuchule bophuhliso.
Siyaqhubeka sinceda abathengi bethu ukuba baphucule ukusebenza kunye nenzuzo yesityalo sabo kulo lonke ixesha lokunikezelwa kwaso ngeenkonzo zenkxaso ezenzelwe iimfuno zabo ngabanye ngenkonzo yabathengi edibeneyo kunye nenethiwekhi yezixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo.
INGQALELO KUMTHENGI
IShiputec iphuhlisa, ivelisa kwaye ifakela imigca yanamhlanje, esebenza kakuhle kwaye ithembekile yokucubungula ukutya kwishishini lokutya. Ukuvelisa iimveliso zamafutha aqinileyo njengemargarine, ibhotolo, iispreads kunye neeshortenings, iShiputec inikezela ngezisombululo ezikwaquka imigca yenkqubo yeemveliso zokutya ezixutyiweyo ezifana nemayonnaise, iisosi kunye needressing.
IMVELISO YEMARGARINE
I-margarine kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nayo ziqulathe isigaba samanzi kunye nesigaba samafutha kwaye ke ngoko zinokuchazwa njengee-emulsions zamanzi kwi-oyile (W/O) apho isigaba samanzi sisasazwa kakuhle njengamathontsi kwisigaba samafutha esiqhubekayo. Ngokuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwemveliso, ukwakheka kwesigaba samafutha kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokwenziwa kwekristale, indawo yokuvelisa yanamhlanje yemargarine kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nayo ihlala ibandakanya iitanki ezahlukeneyo zokugcina ioyile kunye ne-emulsifier, isigaba samanzi kunye nokulungiswa kwe-emulsion; ubungakanani kunye nenani leetanki libalwa ngokusekelwe kumthamo wesityalo kunye nepotifoliyo yemveliso. Indawo yokuvelisa ikwabandakanya iyunithi yokucoca kunye nendawo yokunyibilikisa. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yokuvelisa inokwahlulwa ngokubanzi ibe ziinkqubo ezincinci ezilandelayo (nceda ujonge umzobo 1):
UKULUNGISELELWA KWESIGABA SAMANZI NESIGABA SAMAFUTHA (INDAWO 1)
Isigaba samanzi sidla ngokulungiswa ngokweebhetshi kwitanki yesigaba samanzi. Amanzi kufuneka abe semgangathweni wokusela. Ukuba amanzi asemgangathweni wokusela akanakuqinisekiswa, amanzi anokunyangwa kwangaphambili umz. nge-UV okanye ngenkqubo yesihluzi.
Ngaphandle kwamanzi, isigaba samanzi singabandakanya ityuwa okanye ityuwa emanzi, iiproteni zobisi (i-margarine yetafile kunye ne-low fat spreads), iswekile (i-puff pastry), izinto ezizinzisayo (i-low fat spreads kunye ne-low fat spreads), izinto zokugcina kunye neencasa ezinyibilikayo emanzini.
Izithako eziphambili kwisigaba samafutha, umxube wamafutha, zihlala ziquka umxube wamafutha ahlukeneyo kunye neeoyile. Ukuze kufezekiswe imajarini eneempawu kunye nemisebenzi efunekayo, umlinganiselo wamafutha kunye neeoyile kumxube wamafutha ubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemveliso yokugqibela.
Amafutha kunye neeoyile ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zixutywe ngamafutha okanye iioyile ezizodwa, zigcinwa kwiitanki zokugcina ioyile ezihlala zibekwe ngaphandle kwendawo yemveliso. Ezi zigcinwa kubushushu obuzinzileyo bokugcina ngaphezulu kwendawo yokunyibilika kwamafutha kwaye ziphantsi kokushukunyiswa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka kwamafutha kwaye kube lula ukuwaphatha.
Ngaphandle komxube wamafutha, isigaba samafutha sidla ngokuba nezithako ezincinci ezinyibilikayo kumafutha ezifana ne-emulsifier, i-lecithin, incasa, umbala kunye nee-antioxidants. Ezi zithako zincinci zinyibilikiswa kumxube wamafutha ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe isigaba samanzi, ngaloo ndlela ngaphambi kwenkqubo ye-emulsification.
UKULUNGISELELA I-EMULSION (INDAWO 2)
Umzobo 1:
1. Ukulungiswa kwesigaba samanzi kunye nesigaba samafutha (indawo 1),
2. Ukulungiswa kwe-emulsion (indawo yesi-2),
3. Ukucoca (indawo yesi-3),
4. Indawo yokubanda, yokwenza ikristale kunye nokuxova (indawo yesi-4),
5. Ukupakisha kunye nokunyibilikisa kwakhona (indawo yesi-5)
I-emulsion ilungiswa ngokudlulisela iioyile ezahlukeneyo kunye nemixube yamafutha okanye amafutha kwi-emulsion tank. Ngokwesiqhelo, amafutha anyibilikayo aphezulu okanye imixube yamafutha yongezwa kuqala kulandele amafutha anyibilikayo aphantsi kunye neoyile engamanzi. Ukugqiba ukulungiswa kwesigaba samafutha, i-emulsifier kunye nezinye izithako ezincinci ezinyibilikayo kwioyile zongezwa kumxube wamafutha. Xa zonke izithako zesigaba samafutha zixutywe ngokufanelekileyo, isigaba samanzi songezwa kwaye i-emulsion yenziwa phantsi komxube onzima kodwa olawulwayo.
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izithako ezahlukeneyo ze-emulsion apho ezimbini zazo zisebenza ngokweebhetshi:
- Inkqubo yemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi
- Inkqubo yetanki yokukala
Inkqubo ye-emulsification eqhubekayo emgceni ayithandwa kakhulu kodwa isetyenziswa kakhulu umz. imigca enomthamo ophezulu apho kukho indawo encinci yeetanki ze-emulsion. Le nkqubo isebenzisa iipompo zokulinganisa kunye neemitha zokuhamba kobunzima ukulawula umlinganiselo wezigaba ezongezelelweyo kwitanki encinci ye-emulsion.
Zonke ezi nkqubo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zingalawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izityalo ezindala ziseneenkqubo zokulungiselela i-emulsion ezilawulwa ngesandla kodwa ezi zifuna umsebenzi omninzi kwaye azikhuthazwa ukuba zifakwe namhlanje ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo yokulandelela.
Inkqubo yemitha yokuhamba isekelwe kulungiselelo lwe-emulsion olusebenzisa ibhetshi apho izigaba ezahlukeneyo kunye nezithako zilinganiswa ngemitha yokuhamba kobunzima xa zidluliselwa kwiitanki ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela izigaba ukuya kwi-emulsion tank. Ukuchaneka kwale nkqubo yi +/-0.3%. Le nkqubo ibonakaliswa kukungakwazi kwayo ukuva iimpembelelo zangaphandle ezifana nokungcangcazela kunye nokungcola.
Inkqubo yetanki yokulinganisa ifana nenkqubo yokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi esekelwe kulungiselelo lwe-emulsion ngokwebhetshi. Apha ubungakanani bezithako kunye nezigaba zongezwa ngqo kwi-emulsion tank efakwe kwiiseli zomthwalo ezilawula ubungakanani obongezwe kwitanki.
Ngokwesiqhelo, inkqubo yeetanki ezimbini isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-emulsion ukuze ikwazi ukuqhuba umgca we-crystallization ngokuqhubekayo. Itanki nganye isebenza njengetanki yokulungiselela kunye ne-buffer (itanki ye-emulsion), ngoko ke umgca we-crystallization uza kondliwa ukusuka kwelinye itanki ngelixa iqela elitsha liza kulungiswa kwelinye kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-flip-flop.
Isisombululo apho i-emulsion ilungiswa kwitanki enye kwaye xa sele ilungile idluliselwa kwitanki ye-buffer apho kufakwe khona umgca we-crystallization nayo iyindlela yokukhetha. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-premix/buffer system.
UKUTYITYISWA KWEZINTO EZINGAMANZI (INDAWO 3)
Ukusuka kwitanki ye-buffer, i-emulsion idla ngokupompa rhoqo nge-plate heat exchanger (PHE) okanye nge-low pressure scraped surface heat exchanger (SSHE), okanye nge-high pressure SSHE yokufakela i-pasteurization ngaphambi kokuba ingene kumgca we-crystallization.
Kwiimveliso ezinamafutha apheleleyo, i-PHE idla ngokusetyenziswa. Kwiinguqulelo ezinamafutha aphantsi apho kulindeleke ukuba i-emulsion ibonise i-viscosity ephezulu kunye nee-emulsions ezinobushushu (umz. ii-emulsions ezinomxholo ophezulu weproteni) inkqubo ye-SPX njengesisombululo soxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye i-SPX-PLUS njengesisombululo soxinzelelo oluphezulu iyacetyiswa.
Inkqubo yokucoca i-pasteurization ineenzuzo ezininzi. Iqinisekisa ukuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunye nokukhula kwezinye iintsholongwane, ngaloo ndlela iphucula uzinzo lwe-microbiological ye-emulsion. Ukucoca i-pasteurization yesigaba samanzi kuphela yinto enokwenzeka, kodwa ukucoca i-emulsion epheleleyo kuyakhethwa kuba inkqubo yokucoca i-emulsion iya kunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala ukusuka kwimveliso ecocekileyo ukuya ekuzaliseni okanye ekupakisheni imveliso yokugqibela. Kwakhona, imveliso iphathwa kwinkqubo elandelelanayo ukusuka ekucoceni ukuya ekuzaliseni okanye ekupakisheni imveliso yokugqibela kwaye ukucoca nayiphi na into yokuhlaziya kuyaqinisekiswa xa i-emulsion epheleleyo inyibilikisiwe.
Ukongeza, ukufakelwa kwe-emulsion epheleleyo kwi-pasteurization kuqinisekisa ukuba i-emulsion inikwa umgca we-crystallization kubushushu obungaguqukiyo ukuze kufezekiswe iiparameter zokucubungula ezingaguqukiyo, amaqondo obushushu emveliso kunye nobume bemveliso. Ukongeza, ukwenzeka kwe-emulsion efakwe kwi-crystallization enikwa izixhobo ze-crystallization kuyathintelwa xa i-emulsion ifakelwe kwi-pasteur ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inikwa kwipompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kubushushu obuyi-5-10°C obuphezulu kuneqondo lokunyibilika kwesigaba samafutha.
Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokucoca i-pasteurization emva kokulungiswa kwe-emulsion kwi-45-55°C ibandakanya ulandelelwano lokufudumeza nokubamba i-emulsion kwi-75-85°C imizuzwana eli-16. Emva koko inkqubo yokupholisa ukuya kubushushu obuyi-45-55°C. Ubushushu bokugqibela buxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokunyibilika kwesigaba samafutha: okukhona iqondo lokunyibilika liphezulu, kokukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu.
UKUPHOLISA, UKUQHUMA NOKUXOVA (INDAWO 4)
I-emulsion ipompelwa kumgca we-crystallization ngokusebenzisa ipompo yepiston enoxinzelelo oluphezulu (HPP). Umgca we-crystallization wokuvelisa i-margarine kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nayo uhlala uquka i-SSHE enoxinzelelo oluphezulu epholiswa yi-ammonia okanye i-Freon type cooling media. Umatshini we-pin rotor kunye/okanye ii-crystallizers eziphakathi zihlala zifakwa kumgca ukuze kongezwe amandla okongeziweyo okuxova kunye nexesha lokuvelisa iimveliso zeplastiki. Ityhubhu yokuphumla linyathelo lokugqibela lomgca we-crystallization kwaye lifakwa kuphela ukuba imveliso ipakishiwe.
Intliziyo yomgca we-crystallization yi-SSHE yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, apho i-emulsion efudumeleyo ipholiswa kakhulu kwaye iqiniswe kumphezulu ongaphakathi wetyhubhu yokuphola. I-emulsion ikhuhlwa ngokufanelekileyo zizikrweqe ezijikelezayo, ngoko ke i-emulsion iyabanda kwaye ixovwe ngaxeshanye. Xa amafutha akwi-emulsion eqiniswe, iikristale zamafutha zenza inethiwekhi enamacala amathathu ebamba amaconsi amanzi kunye neoyile yolwelo, nto leyo ephumela kwiimveliso ezineempawu zeplastiki eziqinileyo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso eza kwenziwa kunye nohlobo lwamafutha asetyenziselwa imveliso ethile, ulwakhiwo lomgca wekristale (oko kukuthi, ulungelelwaniso lweetyhubhu zokuphola kunye noomatshini be-pin rotor) lungahlengahlengiswa ukuze lubonelele ngolungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwemveliso ethile.
Ekubeni umgca we-crystallization udla ngokuvelisa iimveliso zamafutha ezingaphezulu kwesinye, i-SSHE idla ngokuba namacandelo amabini okanye ngaphezulu okupholisa okanye iityhubhu zokuphola ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zomgca we-crystallization oguquguqukayo. Xa kuveliswa iimveliso zamafutha ahlukeneyo e-crystallization zeentlobo ngeentlobo ze-fat blends, kufuneka ukuguquguquka kuba iimpawu ze-crystallization ze-blends zinokwahluka ukusuka kumxube omnye ukuya komnye.
Inkqubo yokwenza ikristale, iimeko zokucubungula kunye neeparamitha zokucubungula zinempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu zemargarine yokugqibela kunye neemveliso ezisasazwayo. Xa uyila umgca wokwenza ikristale, kubalulekile ukuchonga iimpawu zeemveliso ezicwangciselwe ukwenziwa kumgca. Ukuqinisekisa utyalo-mali lwexesha elizayo, ukuguquguquka komgca kunye neeparamitha zokucubungula ezilawulwayo nganye nganye ziyafuneka, kuba uluhlu lweemveliso ezinomdla lunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nezinto eziluhlaza.
Umthamo womgca umiselwa ngumphezulu wokupholisa ofumanekayo we-SSHE. Kukho oomatshini bobukhulu obahlukeneyo abaqala kwimigca esezantsi ukuya kwephezulu. Kwakhona kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuguquguquka afumanekayo ukusuka kwizixhobo zetyhubhu enye ukuya kwimigca yeetyhubhu ezininzi, ngaloo ndlela kukho imigca yokucubungula eguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Emva kokuba imveliso ipholile kwi-SSHE, ingena kumatshini we-pin rotor kunye/okanye kwi-crystallizers eziphakathi apho ixovwa khona ixesha elithile nangobunzima obuthile ukuze kuncedwe ekukhuthazeni inethiwekhi enemilinganiselo emithathu, apho kwizinga le-macroscopic kukho isakhiwo seplastiki. Ukuba imveliso yenzelwe ukusasazwa njengemveliso esongiweyo, iya kungena kwi-SSHE kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba ihlale kwityhubhu yokuphumla ngaphambi kokusonga. Ukuba imveliso izaliswe kwiikomityi, akukho tyhubhu yokuphumla efakiweyo kumgca we-crystallization.
UKUPAKISHA, UKUZALISA NOKWENZA OKUSUKA EMGANGATHWENI (INDAWO 5)
Kukho oomatshini bokupakisha nokugcwalisa abahlukeneyo abafumanekayo kwimarike kwaye abayi kuchazwa kweli nqaku. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhambelana kwemveliso kwahlukile kakhulu ukuba iveliswa ukuze ipakishwe okanye izaliswe. Kuyacaca ukuba imveliso epakishiweyo kufuneka ibonakalise ubume obuqinileyo kunemveliso ezaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukuba obu bume abulunganga, imveliso iya kutshintshelwa kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa, inyibilikiswe kwaye yongezwe kwi-buffer tank ukuze iphinde icutshungulwe. Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilikisa kodwa iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-PHE okanye i-SSHE ephantsi koxinzelelo.
UKULUNGISELELA OKUSEBENZISA OOMATSHINI
I-margarine, njengezinye iimveliso zokutya, ifumaneka kwiifektri ezininzi namhlanje eziveliswa phantsi kweenkqubo ezingqongqo zokulandelela. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zigubungela izithako, imveliso kunye nemveliso yokugqibela azipheleli nje ekukhuselekeni kokutya okuphuculweyo kodwa nakwimigangatho yokutya engaguqukiyo. Iimfuno zokulandelela zinokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yolawulo yefektri kwaye inkqubo yolawulo yeShiputec yenzelwe ukulawula, ukurekhoda kunye nokubhala phantsi iimeko ezibalulekileyo kunye nemigangatho malunga nenkqubo epheleleyo yokuvelisa.
Inkqubo yolawulo ixhotyiswe ngokhuseleko lwegama eligqithisiweyo kwaye inedatha yembali yokurekhoda zonke iiparameter ezibandakanyekayo kumgca wokucubungula imajarini ukusuka kulwazi lweresiphi ukuya kuvavanyo lokugqibela lwemveliso. Ukurekhoda idatha kuquka umthamo kunye nemveliso yepompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwe-l/yure kunye nokubuyela umva), amaqondo obushushu emveliso (kubandakanya inkqubo yokucoca) ngexesha lokwenziwa kwekristale, amaqondo obushushu okupholisa (okanye uxinzelelo lwemidiya yokupholisa) ye-SSHE, isantya se-SSHE kunye noomatshini be-pin rotor kunye nomthwalo weenjini ezisebenzisa ipompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-SSHE kunye noomatshini be-pin rotor.
Inkqubo yolawulo
Ngexesha lokucubungula, ii-alamu ziya kuthunyelwa kumqhubi ukuba iiparameter zokucubungula imveliso ethile zingaphaya kwemida; ezi zibekwe kumhleli weresiphi ngaphambi kokuvelisa. Ezi alamu kufuneka ziqatshelwe ngesandla kwaye amanyathelo ngokweenkqubo kufuneka athathwe. Zonke ii-alamu zigcinwa kwinkqubo ye-alamu yembali ukuze zibonwe kamva. Xa imveliso ishiya umgca wemveliso kwifom efanelekileyo epakishwe okanye ezaliswe, yahlukile kwigama lemveliso elihlala liphawulwa ngomhla, ixesha kunye nenombolo yokuchonga ibhetshi ukuze ilandelwe kamva. Imbali epheleleyo yawo onke amanyathelo emveliso abandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ifayilishwa ngenxa yokhuseleko lomvelisi kunye nomsebenzisi wokugqibela, umthengi.
I-CIP
Izityalo zokucoca i-CIP (i-CIP = ukucoca endaweni) nazo ziyinxalenye yesakhiwo sanamhlanje se-margarine kuba izityalo zokuvelisa i-margarine kufuneka zicocwe rhoqo. Kwiimveliso zemveli ze-margarine kanye ngeveki lixesha eliqhelekileyo lokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimveliso ezinobuthathaka ezifana namafutha aphantsi (umxholo wamanzi aphezulu) kunye/okanye iimveliso ezineproteni ephezulu, kucetyiswa ukuba kubekho ixesha elifutshane phakathi kwe-CIP.
Ngokwesiseko, kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezimbini ze-CIP: izityalo ze-CIP ezisebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca kube kanye kuphela okanye izityalo ze-CIP ezicetyiswayo ezisebenza ngesisombululo se-buffer sezixhobo zokucoca apho izixhobo ezifana ne-lye, i-asidi kunye/okanye izibulali-ntsholongwane zibuyiselwa kwiitanki zokugcina ze-CIP nganye emva kokusetyenziswa. Le nkqubo yokugqibela ikhethwa kuba imele isisombululo esinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye sisisombululo esingabizi kakhulu malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokucoca kwaye ngoku ixabiso lazo liphantsi.
Ukuba kufakwe imigca emininzi yemveliso kumzi-mveliso omnye, kunokwenzeka ukuseta iindlela zokucoca ezihambelanayo okanye iinkqubo zesathelayithi ze-CIP. Oku kubangela ukuncipha okukhulu kwexesha lokucoca kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iiparameter zenkqubo ye-CIP zilawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zilogwa ukuze zilandelwe kamva kwinkqubo yolawulo.
AMAGAMA OKUGQIBELA
Xa uvelisa imajarini kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayizozithako ezifana neeoyile namafutha asetyenzisiweyo okanye iresiphi yemveliso emisela umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela kodwa ikwayindlela ebekwe ngayo isityalo, iiparameter zokucubungula kunye nemeko yesityalo. Ukuba umgca okanye izixhobo azigcinwanga kakuhle, kukho umngcipheko wokuba umgca awusebenzi kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ukuvelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, isityalo esisebenza kakuhle kuyimfuneko kodwa ukukhetha umxube wamafutha oneempawu ezihambelana nokusetyenziswa kokugqibela kwemveliso kubalulekile kunye nokwakheka ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokukhetha iiparameter zokucubungula isityalo. Okokugqibela kodwa okungabalulekanga imveliso yokugqibela kufuneka iphathwe ngobushushu ngokwendlela esetyenziswe ngayo ekugqibeleni.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-21-2026